A new broccoli × broccoli immortal mapping population and framework genetic map: tools for breeders and complex trait analysis

A unique broccoli x broccoli doubled haploid (DH) population has been created from the F-1 of a cross between two DH broccoli lines derived from cultivars Green Duke and Marathon. We genotyped 154 individuals from this population with simple sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to create a B. oleracea L. var. italica 'intra-crop' specific framework linkage map. The map is composed of nine linkage groups with a total length of 946.7 cM. Previous published B. oleracea maps have been constructed using diverse crosses between morphotypes of B. oleracea; this map therefore represents a useful breeding resource for the dissection of broccoli specific traits. Phenotype data have been collected from the population over five growing seasons; the framework linkage map has been used to locate quantitative trait loci for agronomically important broccoli traits including head weight (saleable yield), head diameter, stalk diameter, weight loss and relative weight loss during storage, as well as traits for broccoli leaf architecture. This population and associated linkage map will aid breeders to directly map agronomically important traits for the improvement of elite broccoli cultivars

Detection and resolution of genetic loci affecting circadian period in Brassica oleracea

Circadian rhythms regulate many aspects of plant growth, Wtness and vigour. The components and detailed mechanism of circadian regulation to date have been dissected in the reference species Arabidopsis thaliana. To determine the genetic basis and range of natural allelic variation for intrinsic circadian period in the closest crop relatives, we used an accurate and high throughput data capture system to record rhythmic cotyledon movement in two immortal segregating populations of Brassica oleracea, derived from parent lines representing diVerent crop types. Periods varied between 24.4 and 26.1 h between the parent lines, with transgressive segregation between extreme recombinant lines in both populations of »3.5 h. The additive eVect of individual QTL identiWed in each population varied from 0.17 to 0.36 h. QTL detected in one doubled haploid population were veriWed and the mapping intervals further resolved by determining circadian period in genomic substitution lines derived from the parental lines. Comparative genomic analysis based on collinearity between Brassica and Arabidopsis also allowed identiWcation of candidate orthologous genes known to regulate period in Arabidopsis, that may account for the additive circadian eVects of speciWc QTL. The distinct QTL positions detected in the two populations, and the extent of transgressive segregation suggest that there is likely to be considerable scope for modulating the range of available circadian periods in natural populations and crop species of Brassica. This may provide adaptive advantage for optimising growth and development in diVerent latitudes, seasons or climate conditions

Mapping of a locus for adult plant resistance to downy mildew in broccoli (Brassica oleracea convar. italica)

The identification of the gene Pp523, conferring downy mildew resistance to adult plants of broccoli (Brassica oleracea convar. italica), led to the construction of a genetic map that included this resistance locus, 301 amplified fragment length polymorphisms, 55 random amplified polymorphic DNAs, 46 inter-simple sequence repeats, three simple sequence repeats, four other PCR markers and a flower colour locus, all gathered into nine major linkage groups. Nineteen additional molecular markers were clustered into one group of four markers, one group of three markers and six pairs of markers. The map spans over 731.9 cM, corresponding to 89.5% of the 818 cM estimated to be the total genome length. A significant number of the mapped markers, 19.3%, showed distorted segregation. The average distance between mapped adjacent markers is 1.64 cM, which places this map among the densest published to date for this species. Using bulked segregant analysis, we identified a group of molecular markers flanking and closely linked in coupling to the resistance gene and included these in the map. Two markers linked in coupling, OPK17_980 and AT.CTA_133/134, are located at 3.1 cM and 3.6 cM, respectively, at each side from the resistance gene. These markers can be used for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs aiming at the introgression of this gene in susceptible B. oleracea genotypes. The fine mapping of the genomic region surrounding the Pp523 resistance gene is currently being carried out, a basic condition for its isolation via positional cloning

La peau du bébé (formulation et développement de produits d'hygiène et de soin)

Les soins apportés au nouveau-né et au nourrisson nécessitent le respect de règles spécifiques, ainsi que l'utilisation de produit d'une extrême tolérance, du fait de l'immaturité cutanée et des particularités de l'environnement. Après avoir rappelé la structure et la physiologie de la peau de l'adulte, nous étudierons les spécificités de la peau du nourrisson. Puis nous évoquerons les différents types et formes de produits dermo-cosmétiques infantiles existants actuellement sur le marché. Et dans une dernière partie, nous traiterons des exigences imposées au niveau industriel pour le développement des produits dermo-cosmétiques à visée pédiatrique.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocPARIS-BIUP (751062107) / SudocSudocFranceF